Peresean: The Ancient Martial Tradition of Lombok’s Sasak People

 Peresean is a traditional cultural practice originating from Lombok Island in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It is a unique form of combat or agility contest that involves the use of sticks (penjalin) and shields (ende) as primary tools. More than just a physical contest, Peresean holds profound philosophical and cultural significance for the Sasak people, the indigenous community of Lombok.

 

Origins and Historical Background

Peresean is believed to have existed for centuries, deeply rooted in the lives of the Sasak people. Initially, it served as a form of physical training and self-defense for young Sasak men, preparing them for warfare or inter-tribal conflicts. Beyond its practical purpose, Peresean also functioned as a test of courage, strength, and agility.

Over time, Peresean evolved from a martial training exercise into a cultural tradition that combines entertainment and ceremonial significance. It is often performed during important events such as weddings, harvest celebrations, and religious ceremonies, serving as an expression of gratitude and reverence for ancestors.

 

Symbolism and Philosophical Significance

 

Peresean carries deep symbolic meaning for the Sasak community. The combat symbolizes the harmony between physical and spiritual strength. While it may appear confrontational, Peresean emphasizes values such as camaraderie, sportsmanship, and mutual respect. Participants, known as pepadu, are expected to demonstrate not only physical prowess but also emotional control and a sense of honor.

 

Additionally, Peresean represents the balance between humanity, nature, and the divine. It is regarded as a way to honor ancestral traditions and preserve the cultural heritage of the Sasak people.

 

The Practice of Peresean

 

Peresean is typically conducted in an open field, accompanied by traditional Sasak music such as *gendang belek*. Two participants face each other, wielding sticks (penjalin) to strike and shields (ende) to defend. The match is overseen by a referee called pekembar, who ensures fairness and safety throughout the contest.

 

Despite its seemingly aggressive nature, Peresean adheres to strict rules to prevent serious injury. Participants are prohibited from targeting vital areas such as the head or neck, ensuring that the contest remains a display of skill and endurance rather than outright violence.

 

Peresean in the Modern Era 

In contemporary times, Peresean continues to be preserved as a vital part of Sasak cultural heritage. It is frequently showcased at cultural festivals, events, and as a tourist attraction. The local government and Lombok’s residents actively work to sustain and promote Peresean, ensuring that this ancient tradition remains relevant and appreciated in the face of modernization. 

In essence, Peresean is more than a physical contest; it is a symbol of the Sasak people’s strength, bravery, and unity, passed down through generations as a testament to their rich cultural legacy.